Sary natolotr'i Dr. Alicia Dickenstein, nahazoana alàlana.

Efa nisy hatrizay ny vehivavy ao amin'ny siansa sy ny fandraisany anjara na dia nanafina izany aza ny tantara. Mpahay fizika, simia, biolojia, fitsaboana ary matematika — ankoatra ny taranja hafa — toa ny an'i Dr. Alicia Dickenstein.

Dr. Dickenstein, izay nantsafaintsika eto, dia iray amin'ireo vehivavy dimy notoloran'ny Fondation L'Oréal sy ny UNESCO loka iraisam-pirenena L'Oréal-UNESCO ho an'ny Vehivavy ao amin'ny Siansa noho ny asany tamin'ny fitrandrahana ny jeometria aljebraika eo amin'ny sehatra biolojia molekiolera.

Mpampianatra ao amin'ny Oniversiten'i Buenos Aires izy ary nitana andraikitra lehibe teo amin'ny sehatra nasionaly sy iraisam-pirenena momba ny matematika sy siansa, manampahaizana manokana amin'ny famaritana ireo maodelin'ny matematika informatika.

Ohatra, tsikariny ny firafitra matematika misongadina tamin'ny làlam-panazavana malaza maro, izay nomeny anarana hoe “Sistema MESSI” (Modifications of type Enzyme-Substrate or Swap with Intermediates), pi-maso ho an'ilay mpilalao baolina kitra Arzantina fanta-daza Lionel Messi. Manampy ny biolojista hampandroso ny fikarohana ataony amin'ny alàlan'ny maodely matematika ity rafitra ity. Izay ihany koa no mpanoratra ny Matemax, boky fianarana matematika amin'ny fiteny roa ho an'ny ankizy sy ny tanora.

Nahitsy mba hazava kokoa ny resadresaka.

Lucía Leszinsky: Tamin'ny taona 1982 no nahazoanao ny mari-pahaizana Docteur momba ny Matematika tao amin'ny Oniversiten'i Buenos Aires. Inona no nanosika anao hanatanteraka ny asanao amin'ny tontolon'ny matematika?

Dr. Alicia Dickenstein: I had no idea that there was a career in mathematics. I enjoyed mathematics, I explained it to my classmates, but I wanted to study education, or rather, I didn't know what I wanted to do. In the last year of high school I agreed to take a vocational test from the Professor of Philosophy and Pedagogy Elida Leibovich de Gueventter who told me, “Here abstract intelligence is very high. Why don't you study mathematics?” I hesitated, I wondered what I was going to find. But she insisted and made me see that if I started math and I didn't like it, I would always have time to study another career. If I didn't try, I was never going to know.

When I entered the race, I did not know anyone, but there I met others who were like me, and immediately I felt like a toad in my own well.

Dr. Alicia Dickenstein: Tsy nahalala aho fa misy ny asa momba ny matematika. Tiako ny matematika, nohazavaiko tamin'ny mpiara-mianatra tamiko izany, anefa ny fampianarana no tiako nianarana, na ny tena marina, tsy fantatro izay tiako hatao. Tamin'ny taom-pianarana farany tany amin'ny lisea dia nanaiky ny hanao fitsapam-pahaizana arak'asa avy amin'ny mpampianatra filozofia sy pedagojia Elida Leibovich de Gueventter aho izay nilaza tamiko hoe: “Tena hitako eto fa maranitsaina ianao. Maninona ianao raha mianatra matematika? ” Nisalasala aho, nanontany tena aho hoe inona no ho hitako. Saingy nandresy lahatra ahy izy ary nampiseho ahy fa raha manomboka mianatra matematika aho ka raha tsy tiako izany dia mbola manana fotoana foana aho hianarana asa hafa. Tsy nahafantatra izany mihitsy aho raha tsy nanandrana.

Rehefa niditra tamin'ny hazakazaka aho dia tsy nahalala olona, ​​fa tany aho no nihaona tamin'ny olona hafa toa ahy ka nahatsapa ho toy ny tompon-tanàna avy hatrany.

Maro ve ny vehivavy tao rehefa niditra ianao?

University of Buenos Aires, October 1940. Photo courtesy of Carlos Borches.

There were quite a few women, but interestingly, there were more women in mathematics years before. There is a photo from 1940 showing mathematicians of the time, and many of them are women. When I started, there were fewer women, there were practically no teachers.

Vitsivitsy ihany ny vehivavy, fa ny mahafinaritra dia betsaka kokoa ny vehivavy tamin'ny matematika taona maro lasa izay. Misy sary iray tamin'ny taona 1940 izay mampiseho ireo mpahay matematika tamin'izany fotoana izany, ary vehivavy ny ankamaroan'izy ireo. Vitsivitsy kokoa ny vehivavy rehefa nanomboka aho, tsy nisy mpampianatra akory tamin'izy ireo.

Nanao ahoana ny fiatrehana asa amin'ny matematika tamin'ny fotoana tena sarotra ho an'i Arzantina nandritra ny fitondrana jadona miaramila, sy niainana ny maha-reny sy ny doctorat miaraka?

I spent many years looking for my way. While I was doing my doctorate with a grant from CONICET [An agency dedicated to the promotion of science and technology in Argentina] when my daughter was born. Later, when I finished my thesis, my son was born. There was no e-mail, my children were very young, the salaries weren't enough, we did not buy magazines or anyone traveled to bring them from abroad, so I spent almost eight years seeing how to get out of here or discovering what I could do. It was a very difficult time.

Nandany taona maro aho nitady ny lalako. Fony aho nanomana ny mari-pahaizana doctorat tamin'ny fanohanana ara-bola avy amin'ny CONICET [Sampan-draharaha iray natokana ho fampiroboroboana ny siansa sy ny teknolojia any Arzantina] no teraka ny zanako vavy. Taty aoriana, rehefa nahavita ny toham-pikarohako (these) aho dia teraka ny zanako lahy. Tsy nisy e-mailaka, mbola kely ny zanako, tsy ampy ny karama, tsy nividy gazetiboky izahay sady tsy nisy olona nandeha nitondra izany avy any ivelany, ka nandany valo taona teo ho eo aho nitady ny fomba hialana eto mba hahitako izay azo atao. Fotoan-tsarotra tokoa tamin'izany.

Inona ireo sakana hafa natrehinao nandritra ny fotoana lava niasanao? Mihevitra ve ianao fa nisy ifandraisany tamin'ny iray na maromaro tamin'ireny ny mombamomba anao, toy ny maha lahy/vavy na ny zom-pirenena?

The biggest obstacle I encountered, as I discovered years later when I first managed to travel to a theoretical physics center in Italy, was being away from information. While there, I heard many things about mathematics that I did not know. One day, sitting in one of the imposing auditoriums of the Centro Internazionale di Fisica Teórica de Triste, I realized that if I had had the information I was getting there, I could have started working on something specific earlier. For this reason, the rest of my life I dedicated myself to fighting for information.

Then there were other obstacles, but I didn't care about them. I never thought, for example, that there was something that men could do intellectually that women could not. I recently recalled an episode with a professor and college colleague in which, seeing me with my eight- or ten-month-old daughter in the office, he said to me: “Do you have a daughter? What are you doing here working? You have to go home and take care of your daughter.” At the time, I didn't pay attention to it. I think if one thinks that there is something that she cannot do, then she will not be able to do it.

Ny lavitra torohay/vaovao no sakana lehibe indrindra sendra ahy, tsikaritro taona maro taty aoriana rehefa niezaka ho any amin'ny ivontoeram-pampianarana fizika teorika iray tany Italia aho. Nandre zavatra maro momba ny matematika izay tsy fantatro aho nandritra ny fotoanako tany. Indray andro, raha nipetraka tao amin'ny efitrano malalaky ny Centro Internazionale di Fisica Teórica de Triste aho dia nahatsapa fa raha nanana vaovao izay hitako tany aho dia efa afaka nanomboka niasa tamin'ny zavatra manokana mialoha kokoa. Noho io antony io no nanokanako ny androko sisa amin'ny fikarohana vaovao.

Nisy sakana hafa koa avy eo, nefa tsy nahoako izany. Tsy noeritreretiko mihitsy, ohatra, fa misy zavatra azon'ny lehilahy atao ara-tsaina izay tsy vitan'ny vehivavy. Vao tsy ela akory izay no nahatsiarovako ny tantara iray niaraka tamin'ny mpampianatra sy mpiara-miasa tao amin'ny oniversite izay, nahitana ahy niaraka tamin'ny zanako vavy valo na folo volana tao amin'ny birao, hoy izy tamiko: “Manan-janakavavy ve ianao? Inona no asa ataonao eto? Tsy maintsy mody ianao ary mikarakara ny zanakao vavy.” Tsy niraharaha izany aho tamin'izany fotoana izany. Heveriko fa raha misy olona mieritreritra fa misy zavatra tsy vitany dia tsy ho vitany izany.

Inona ny matematika aminao, ary inona no ifandraisany amin'ny fiainana andavanandro?

Doing math is much more than counting or calculating, but this is important. It is understanding structures and then being able to predict. Is a discipline constantly growing and is present in everything around us. Perhaps we realize when we estimate or compare prices or when we expand or reduce a recipe, but also our cell phones, for example, need math in order to work!

Mihoatra noho ny manisa na manao kajy ny fanaovana matematika, saingy zava-dehibe izany. Fahatakarana ny firafitra sy fahafahana  maminavina izany. Fitsipika tsy mitsaha-mivoatra ary misy amin'ny zavatra rehetra manodidina antsika io. Angamba tsapantsika izany rehefa manombatombana na mampitaha ny vidin-javatra isika na rehefa manitatra na mampihena nahandro iray, fa ny finday ihany koa, ohatra, dia mila ny matematika mba ahafahany miasa!

Midika inona ho anao ny loka nomen'ny Fondation L'Oréal sy ny UNESCO anao tamin'ny sokajy “Ho an'ny vehivavy ao amin'ny siansa” ho an'ny faritra Amerika Latina sy Karaiba?

I knew I had been nominated, but I thought I had no chance of winning because math is not very popular. When they called me I was surprised, I was not aware of the significance of the award. For me, it is a great personal joy and at the same time I feel it as a prize for mathematics because this is not usually a highly awarded discipline. But, in addition, I consider that it is an excellent opportunity so that with the publicity generated by the award, more girls discover that mathematics is for them, that it is linked to emotions more than they imagine.

Fantatro fa voatendry aho, saingy nieritreritra aho fa tsy ho afaka handresy mihitsy satria tsy malaza ny matematika. Gaga aho rehefa niantso ahy ry zareo, tsy fantatro ny dikan'ilay loka. Fifaliana lehibe manokana ho ahy izany ary tsapako niaraka tamin'izay fa loka ho an'ny matematika io satria matetika ny matematika no taranja tsy tolorana loka lehibe. Fa ankoatra izay, heveriko fa fotoana mety indrindra izany ho dokambarotra novokarin'ilay loka mba ho hitan'ny tovovavy maro fa natao ho azy ireo ny matematika, ary mifandray amin'ny fihetsem-po mihoatra ny noeritreretin'izy ireo izany.

Misy tetikasa mbola miandry ny ivoahany ve?

I have some problems that I would like to solve. Fortunately, mathematics is universal, more social than is commonly believed, and that allows me to work with many people from Argentina and from other parts of the world. Interacting with people is that ideas arise and work is more productive. Ultimately, in mathematics, and in life in general, when you have a problem it is best to avoid hitting your head against the wall over and over again, and instead try different things to try to solve it.

Manana olana vitsivitsy tiako hovahana aho. Soa ihany fa manerantany ny matematika, ara-piarahamonina kokoa fa tsy araka ny iheverana azy amin'ny ankapobeny, ary ahafahako miara-miasa amin'ny olona maro avy any Arzantina sy avy amin'ny faritra hafa eto amin'izao tontolo izao. Ny fifandraisana amin'ny olona no ipoiran'ny hevitra sy hamokarana bebe kokoa amin'ny asa. Farany, amin'ny matematika, ary amin'ny fiainana amin'ny ankapobeny, rehefa manana olana ianao dia tsara kokoa ny tsy mamaky ny lohanao amin'ny rindrina, fa manandràma kosa zavatra isankarazany hamahana izany.

Misy torohevitra ho an'ny mpikaroka hafa ve na ho an'ireo vehivavy te-hitrandraka ny sehatry siansa “exact”?

My advice is not to censor yourself, if you like it, don't hesitate and follow your passion.

Ny tsy hanivananao tena no torohevitro, raha tianao izany, aza misalasala ary araho ny zava-tianao fatratra.