(Lahatsoratra teny Anglisy efa tamin'ny volana Septambra 2010)

Vao roa volana lasa izay, nosamborina i Théophile Kouamouo avy any Côte d'Ivoire, iray amin'ireo bilaogera Frankôfônina eto Afrika malaza sady mpitarika ny tetikasa Rising Voices nahazo vatsy, Abidjan Blog Camps, nosamborina noho ny fiarovana ny loharanom-baovao tamin'ny tatitra an-gazety mpanao fanadihadiana momba ny olana tombontsoam-bahoaka izy. Navotsotra ihany izy taty aoriana ary nisaotra ny namany bilaogera manerantany noho ny fanohanana azy.

Resaka tombontsoam-bahoaka amin'ny Media. Sary avy amin'ny mpampiasa Flickr PhillipC. CC BY.

Janice Winter ao amin'ny Fandaharana Axess momba ny asa fanoratan-gazety sy ny demokrasia milaza momba ny fandrahonana ny asa fanoratan-gazety tombontsoam-bahoaka sy ny fiarovana loharanom-baovao any Afrika:

I have spent the last few weeks in South Africa interviewing journalists and editors about both the gains of our media freedom and concerning signs of regressive state legislation, such as the proposed Public Service Broadcasting Bill that – if passed – would make the public broadcaster effectively a state broadcaster directly accountable to Minister of Communications.

Tany Afrika Atsimo aho herinandro vitsy lasa izay nanao fanadihadiana tamin'ireo mpanora-gazety sy tonian-dahatsoratra momba ny tombontsoan'ny fahalalahan'ny mediantsika sy mikasika ny mariky ny lalànam-panjakana mitotongana, toy ny volavolan-dalàna momba ny tolotra haino aman-jerim-panjakana izay – raha lany – dia ho lasa haino aman-jerim-panjakana tompon'andraikitra mivantana manoloana ny minisitry ny fifandraisana.

Tamin'ny lahatsoratra fanadihadiana tao amin'ny bilaoginy manokana. Manoratra ny antony itakiana maika ny asa fanoratan-gazety mikatsaka tombontsoam-bahoaka i Théophile:

Some critics believe that journalism should be made public in a neutral news and stop there. Among them, former French Prime Minister Michel Rocard, who was criticized in an interview with the weekly Marianne (quite outspoken against Nicolas Sarkozy), to act “not as pure news reporters, but as actors of policies. This criticism has often been done in the Ivorian press.

What is journalism? Probably the door ajar to provide worlds often closed to increase the wealth of folk knowledge about the contemporary world, as it will or will not. Are we to accomplish this task? In any case, it seems clear that, in our skies, and in the print media in particular, we “over-cover” a certain type of news. One related to policy, including its size and the politician most people and sport, topics that attract a wide readership within our small middle class that can provide enough money to buy newspapers. We neglect serious events, including the unveiling could build our contemporaries, and push them to act for a number of social changes. Our failure to us, private media, is amplified by the fact that the public media, at home, remain sounding power or entertainment spaces vampired completely by advertising. (machine translation)

Mihevitra ny mpitsikera sasany fa tokony havoaka ho hitan'ny daholobe amin'ny fomba tsy mitanila ny fanaovan-gazety ary mijanona eo. Isan'ireny, ny praiminisitra Frantsay teo aloha, Michel Rocard, izay voatsikera tamin'ny resadresaka nifanaovana tamin'ny gazety Marianne isa-kerinandro (mpanakiana mafy an'i Nicolas Sarkozy), mba hiasa “tsy toy ny mpitati-baovao vaovao fotsiny ihany, fa ho mpisehatra politika. Matetika atao amin'ny gazety Ivoariana izany tsikera izany.

Inona no atao hoe asa fanoratan-gazety? Angamba vavahady misokatra omena izao tontolo izao matetika mihidy mba hampitomboana ny fahalalan'ny vahoaka momba ny tontolo ankehitriny, araka izay ho izy na tsia. Tanteratsika ve io asa io? Na izany na tsy izany, hita mazava fa, ao amin'ny lanitra antsika, sy amin'ny fampitam-baovao an-tsoratra manokana, dia “mitantara be loatra” karazam-baovao isika. Ny iray mifandraika amin'ny politika, anisan'izany ny habeny sy ny mpanao politika, ny ankamaroan'ny olona sy ny fanatanjahantena, lohahevitra izay manintona mpamaky betsaka ao amin'ny saranga antonony izay afaka manome vola ampy hividianana gazety. Manadino fisehoan-javatra lehibe isika, anisan'izany ny ampamoaka mety hanangana ny mpiara-belona amintsika, ary manosika azy ireo hanao hetsika fanovana ara-tsosialy. Ny tsy fahombiazantsika, fampitam-baovao tsy miankina, dia nohamafisin'ny fisian'ny fampitam-baovaom-panjakana, ao an-tanindrazana, mijanona ho fahefana sy sehatra fialamboly ambany vahohon'ny dokambarotra tanteraka (dikan-teny amin'ny milina)

Théophile manohy hoe [fr]:

It is urgent to raise a public interest journalism. In a context where the separation of powers at times seems like a figment of the imagination, as the reflexes of allegiance and connivance of one-party legacy is strong, our role is, more than ever to track the failures of society, to rescue citizens voiceless victims of injustice hidden investigate patiently on topics of general interest. [..]

Is there or elsewhere in our skies patrons may fund a type of journalism whose main interest is to arouse and to change society by revealing its dark? (machine translation)

Tena ilaina maika ny manentana ny asa fanoratan-gazety mikatsaka ny tombontsoam-bahoaka. Amin'ny toe-javatra iray izay tahaka ny foroporonina fotsiny ny fisaraham-pahefana indraindray, satria mahery ny fisolelahana sy ny firaisana tsikombakomba amin'ny lovan'antoko tokana, ny anjara asantsika, mihoatra noho fizahana izay lesoky ny fiarahamonina, dia ny manavotra ireo olom-pirenena tsy manam-peo iharan'ny tsy rariny ary manadihady an-takonana am-paharetana amin'ireo lohahevitra ilaim-bahoaka. [..]

Misy ve na any an-toeran-kafa ao amin'ny lani-tsika patirao mety afaka mamatsy vola karazana asa fanoratan-gazety izay hanitikitika sy hanova ny fiarahamonina amin'ny alàlan'ny filazana izay maizina ao aminy? (fandikana milina)

Martin Moore ao amin'ny British Journalism Review manazava ny asa fanoratan-gazety mikatsaka ny tombontsoam-bahoaka:

Public-interest journalism has two elements. The first is as a watchdog, holding the powerful to account, exposing fraud, deceit, corruption, mismanagement and incompetence.

The second element of public-interest journalism is much less discussed, yet in many ways more important, especially in our world of information overload. This is the responsibility to inform, explain and analyze. Public interest journalists find, digest and distill information that helps the public form views and make decisions. How do I know, for example, whether or not I should give my child a multiple vaccination? How much should I worry about the H5N1 virus and should I take action? Is Iran about to develop a nuclear arsenal and, if so, what should we do about it? Is my mobile phone going to give me a brain tumor? Our world is increasingly inter-related and complex and we need news media that genuinely seek to explain, rather than frighten, hector or bully.

Manana singa roa ny asa fanoratan-gazety mikatsaka ny tombontsoam-bahoaka. Singa voalohany izy toy ny mpiambina, mitazona ny matanjaka hanao tamberin'andraikitra; mampiseho ny fisolokiana, ny fitaka, ny kolikoly, ny tsy fahaiza-mitantana ary tsy fahaiza-manao.

Tsy dia resahana firy ny singa faharoa amin'ny asa fanoratan-gazety, kanefa manan-danja amin'ny lafiny maro, indrindra amin'ny tontolon'ny firongatry ny vaovao. Andraikitra mampahafantatra, manazava sy mamakafaka izany. Mahita, mandevona (mitsakotsako) ary manapongatra sombim-baovao manampy ny vahoaka hanana fomba fijery sy hanapa-kevitra ny asa fanoratan-gazety. Ahoana no ahalalako, ohatra, raha tokony na tsy hanome vaksiny marobe ho an'ny zanako aho? Hatraiza no tokony atahorako ny otrikaretina H5N1 sy ny tokony handraisako fepetra? Tokony hamolavola fitaovam-piadiana nokleary ve i Iran ary raha izany, inona no tokony ataontsika momba izany? Hanome fivontosan'ny atidoha ve ny findaiko? Miha mifandraika sy be pitsony ny tontolontsika ary mila fampahalalam-baovao izay mitady marina ny hanazava fa tsy mampatahotra, mitrandraka na mandrahona.

Martin Moore manontany hoe:

So if the Government is perverting the course of public-interest journalism, business is quite happy to promote private not public interest, and the public remains blissfully unaware, can the media protect the public interest?

Ka raha manova ny fizotran'ny asa fanoratan-gazety mikatsaka tombontsoan'ny besinimaro ny governemanta, dia sambatra ihany ny orinasa hampiroborobo ny tombotsoa manokana fa tsy ny tombontsoan'ny besinimaro, fa mbola ampoka tanteraka ao anatin'ny tsy fahafantarana ny vahoaka, afaka miaro ny tombontsoam-bahoaka ve ny fampahalalam-baovao?

Profesora Jay Rosen ao amin'ny oniversite New York milaza hoe:

If markets replace public as the only relevant arena in contemporary society, we're all sunk. What we do won't matter, what they do won't matter. Only the TV ratings will matter.

Raha manolo ny besinimaro ho kianja tokana lehibe eo anivon'ny fiarahamonina amin'izao fotoana ny tsena, ho rendrika avokoa isika rehetra. Tsy maninona izay ataontsika, tsy maninona izay ataon'izy ireo. Ny filaharan'ny TV irery ihany no misy dikany.

Raha tokony harovana ny asa fanoratan-gazety mikatsaka ny tombontsoam-bahoaka, dia tsy maintsy hampiroboroboana sy velomina. Ny fomba iray azo atao dia ny ezaka toy ny ProPublica, orinasa tsy mitady tombombarotra miorina ao New York City, izay nahazo ny loza Pulitzer tamin'ity taona (2010) ity noho ny tatitra nataony momba ny tombotsoan'ny besinimaro. Manantena izahay fa hahita ezaka tahaka izany atsy ho atsy any Afrika satria nilaza i Théophile fa tadiavina maika izany.